What are Uterine Fibroids?

Fibroids are a prevalent type of pelvic growth, affecting approximately 40-80% of individuals. They are benign growths found in the uterus, commonly emerging during pregnancy, and are also referred to as leiomyomas. Unlike cancerous growths, uterine fibroids do not elevate the risk of uterine cancer and seldom develop into cancerous formations. These fibroids vary in size, ranging from minuscule seedlings undetectable to the naked eye to substantial masses capable of distorting or enlarging the uterus. They can manifest as solitary or multiple growths, with severe cases involving multiple fibroids causing significant uterine enlargement, even extending to the rib cage.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

The precise cause of uterine fibroids remains elusive. Typically, these growths manifest in women of reproductive age, a demographic characterized by elevated levels of oestrogen and progesterone. However, fibroids can also emerge during and after menopause. Heightened oestrogen levels predispose fibroids to swelling, particularly during pregnancy, whereas reduced oestrogen levels are associated with fibroid contraction. Fibroids exhibit diverse growth patterns, with some expanding slowly over time, others undergoing rapid growth, and certain ones maintaining a consistent size. While some fibroids may shrink spontaneously, many vanish as the uterus returns to its normal size post-pregnancy.

• Heavy periods
• Intermenstrual bleeding
• Sensation of fullness or enlargement in the lower abdominal region
• Heightened frequency of urination, often due to pressure exerted on the bladder by fibroids
• Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse
• Persistent back pain
• Symptoms of constipation
• Chronic vaginal discharge
• Difficulty fully emptying the bladder or urinating
• Noticeable abdominal bloating, resembling pregnancy due to fibroid enlargement It's worth noting that fibroid symptoms typically stabilize or diminish post-menopause. Additionally, it's possible for fibroids to remain asymptomatic, meaning they do not produce noticeable symptoms.

What to expect at the consultation for Uterine Fibroids Treatment?

When fibroids are suspected, a thorough diagnostic process is initiated by Doctors. This typically begins with a pelvic examination to identify any visible signs. During this examination, the number, size, and potential growth of fibroids are assessed, providing valuable insights into treatment options. Additionally, several tests may be conducted to gather more information about the fibroids:

Ultrasound:

This is often the initial diagnostic test ordered to confirm the presence of fibroids. Ultrasound utilizes sound waves to generate images of the uterus, allowing doctors to visualize, locate, and measure fibroid size. The ultrasound can be performed externally using a device placed on the abdomen or internally through a transvaginal approach.

Blood tests:

In conjunction with imaging tests, blood tests may be recommended to determine Abnormal menstrual bleeding associated with fibroids can lead to conditions such as anaemia, bleeding disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, which can be detected through blood tests.

Procedures involved in Uterine Fibroids Treatment at Royal Hospital

Treatment options for fibroids vary based on factors such as the fibroids' characteristics, size, location, and the patient's age and overall health. Doctors offer a range of treatment options tailored to individual needs:

Medication:

Medications are prescribed to address symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic discomfort caused by fibroids. Hormonal medications can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding. Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may be prescribed to temporarily halt menstrual cycles and shrink fibroids. Progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) are also used to alleviate excessive bleeding.

Minimally invasive surgery:

Various minimally invasive surgical techniques can remove or reduce fibroids: